ITEM 5. PERFORMANCE-BASED FEES AND SIDE-BY-SIDE
MANAGEMENT ................................................................................................ 13
ITEM 6. TYPES OF CLIENTS......................................................................................... 14
ITEM 7. METHODS OF ANALYSIS, INVESTMENT STRATEGIES AND
RISK OF LOSS ................................................................................................... 14
ITEM 8. DISCIPLINARY INFORMATION .................................................................. 55
ITEM 9. OTHER FINANCIAL INDUSTRY ACTIVITIES AND
AFFILIATIONS .................................................................................................. 55
ITEM 10. CODE OF ETHICS, PARTICIPATION OR INTEREST IN CLIENT
TRANSACTIONS AND PERSONAL TRADING .......................................... 56
ITEM 11. BROKERAGE PRACTICES ............................................................................ 58
ITEM 12. REVIEW OF ACCOUNTS ................................................................................ 58
ITEM 13. CLIENT REFERRALS AND OTHER COMPENSATION ........................... 59
ITEM 14. CUSTODY ........................................................................................................... 59
ITEM 15. INVESTMENT DISCRETION ......................................................................... 59
ITEM 16. VOTING CLIENT SECURITIES ..................................................................... 60
ITEM 17. FINANCIAL INFORMATION ......................................................................... 60
ITEM 3. ADVISORY BUSINESS
The Adviser, a Delaware limited liability company and a registered investment adviser, and its
affiliated investment advisers provide investment advisory services to single-purpose investment
vehicle structures and investment funds privately offered to qualified investors in the United States
and elsewhere. The Adviser was established in April 2016. The Adviser is principally owned and
controlled by Alex Sloane and Matt Perelman (the “Principals”). The Chief Compliance Officer
(“CCO”) of the Adviser is Robert Espinosa.
The Adviser currently manages various private pooled investment vehicles on a discretionary
basis, and expects to provide investment management and other services to additional affiliated
and unaffiliated private pooled investment vehicles (each a “Fund” and collectively, the “Funds”)
with respect to investments in portfolio companies. The Adviser intends to provide investment
advice consistent with the investment objectives, guidelines, and restrictions set forth in the
applicable Governing Documents (as defined below) of the Funds.
In general, affiliated special purpose vehicles of the Adviser serve as general partners (each a
“General Partner” and together with any future affiliated general partner entities, the “General
Partners”) to the Funds and delegate authority to the Adviser to serve as the investment adviser.
Each General Partner is subject to the Advisers Act pursuant to the Adviser’s registration in
accordance with SEC guidance. This Brochure also describes the business practices of the General
Partners, which operate as a single advisory business together with the Adviser.
The Funds are either single-purpose investment vehicle structures or private equity funds, each of
which invests through negotiated transactions in operating entities, generally referred to herein as
“Portfolio Companies,” or in loans to operating companies. The Adviser’s investment advisory
services to the Funds consist of identifying and evaluating investment opportunities, negotiating
the terms of investments, managing and monitoring investments and achieving dispositions for
such investments. Where such investments consist of Portfolio Companies, the senior principals
or other personnel of the Adviser or its affiliates generally serve on such Portfolio Companies’
respective boards of directors or otherwise act to influence control over management of Portfolio
Companies in which the Funds have invested.
The Adviser’s advisory services to the Funds are detailed in the relevant private placement
memoranda or other offering documents (each, a “Memorandum”), applicable limited partnership
or other operating agreements or governing documents of the Funds (each, a “Partnership
Agreement” and, together with any relevant Memorandum, the “Governing Documents”) and are
further described below under “Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss.”
Investors in the Funds (generally referred to herein as “investors” or “limited partners”) participate
in the overall investment program for the applicable Fund, but in certain circumstances are excused
from a particular investment due to legal, regulatory or other agreed-upon circumstances pursuant
to the Partnership Agreements; for the avoidance of doubt, such arrangements generally do not
and will not create an adviser-client relationship between the Adviser and any investor. The Funds
or the General Partners have entered into side letters or other similar agreements (“Side Letters”)
with certain investors that have the effect of establishing rights under, or altering or supplementing
the terms (including economic or other terms) of, the relevant Partnership Agreement with respect
to such investors.
Additionally, as permitted by the relevant Partnership Agreement, the Adviser expects to provide
(or agree to provide) investment or co-investment opportunities (including the opportunity to
participate in co-invest vehicles) to certain current or prospective investors or other persons,
including other sponsors, market participants, finders, consultants, lenders and other service
providers, Portfolio Company management or personnel, the Adviser’s personnel and/or certain
other persons associated with the Adviser and/or its affiliates. Such co-investments typically
involve investment and disposal of interests in the applicable Portfolio Company at the same time
and on the same terms as the Fund making the investment. However, for strategic and other
reasons, a co-investor or co-invest vehicle (including a co-investing Fund) purchases a portion of
an investment from one or more Funds after such Funds have consummated their investment in
the Portfolio Company (also known as a post-closing sell-down or transfer), which generally will
have been funded through Fund investor capital contributions and/or use of a Fund credit facility.
Any such purchase from a Fund by a co-investor or co-invest vehicle generally occurs shortly after
the Fund’s completion of the investment to avoid any changes in valuation of the investment, but
in certain instances could be well after the Fund’s initial purchase. Where appropriate, and in the
Adviser’s sole discretion, the Adviser reserves the right to charge interest on the purchase to the
co-investor or co-invest vehicle (or otherwise equitably to adjust the purchase price under certain
conditions), and to seek reimbursement to the relevant Fund for related costs. However, to the
extent any such amounts are not so charged or reimbursed (including charges or reimbursements
required pursuant to applicable law), they generally will be borne by the relevant Fund as further
described in Item 5.
The Adviser does not participate in wrap fee programs.
As of December 31, 2023, the Adviser managed approximately $2,317,848,167 in client assets on
a discretionary basis.
Carried Interest
In general, the Adviser and/or the Principals share in the returns (if any) realized by the Funds
alongside investors in such Funds. In certain cases, the Adviser and/or the Principals receive a
carried interest (“Carried Interest”) in connection with the provision of the Adviser’s advisory
services to the applicable Fund typically equal to 20% of realized profits over and above the return
of the limited partners’ original investment, plus a preferred return. The Adviser or an affiliate of
the Adviser would be entitled to a 100% “catch-up” of profits equal to 20% of the limited partners’
preferred return. Thereafter the Adviser or an affiliate of the Adviser would be entitled to receive
20% of all realized gains. Please see each individual Funds’ Partnership Agreement for a more
fully described calculation of Carried Interest.
Management Fees
As is generally the case in private equity funds, the Governing Documents provide that a Fund’s
management fee (the “Management Fee”) will be calculated and charged on a basis that generally
is not tied to the Fund’s then-current net asset value. From the effective date of the relevant Fund
until a date specified in the Governing Documents (the “Stepdown Date”), Management Fees
generally will be charged based on a formula tied to the amount of the relevant Fund’s aggregate
commitments. Further, after the Stepdown Date, Management Fees generally will be charged and
calculated based on a formula tied to the amount of investment contributions (including, where
applicable, a Fund borrowing component) made by the relevant Fund relating to the Fund’s
aggregate investment(s) in its Portfolio Companies that have not been realized or permanently
written-down or written off (such excluded investments, “Impaired Value Investments”).
Under the Governing Documents, where the fair market value of an investment exceeds the total
amount of investment contributions relating to such investment, post-Stepdown Date Management
Fees will not be calculated based upon such appreciated value, and will instead continue to be
calculated based on the amount of such investment contributions. Conversely, the Governing
Documents do not require Management Fees to be reduced or refunded following the occurrence
of a writedown, decrease (including a significant decrease) in fair value or other event not
constituting a complete realization, such as a reorganization, roll-over investment in connection
with a sale or dividend distribution, except in the case of investments meeting the relevant Impaired
Value Investment standard under the Governing Documents.
As a result, the amount of Management Fees generally will not correspond with fluctuations in the
net asset value of individual investments or of a Fund, including following the relevant investment
period, and will not be reduced in connection with any write downs (whether temporary or
permanent), except in the case of Impaired Value Investments.
To the extent specified in a Fund’s Governing Documents, the Adviser or another entity will be
permitted to receive certain supplemental fees and other amounts (“Supplemental Fees”)
consisting of: (i) transaction fees, monitoring fees, directors’ fees, consulting fees or advisory fees
paid with respect to any Fund investment, (ii) break-up fees with respect to Fund transactions not
completed, net of certain expenses as set forth in the Partnership Agreement; and (iii) other
designated net fee payments received by the Adviser or its partners or personnel from Portfolio
Companies or prospective Portfolio Companies. A Fund’s Governing Documents generally will
provide that Supplemental Fees received by the Adviser and attributable to the Fund’s investment
in a Portfolio Company will be credited against Management Fees otherwise owed to the Adviser
in a specified percentage. The remaining amount of such Supplemental Fees will be retained by
the Adviser.
Any fees with respect to an investment or potential investment (including a transaction not
consummated) will generally be allocated to each relevant Fund (and offset against the
Management Fee) only to the extent of that Fund’s relative ownership (or anticipated ownership)
of such investment or potential investment on a fully diluted basis, or in such other manner as the
General Partner considers fair and equitable to its clients over time and considering the
circumstances. Accordingly, a Fund will, in most cases, only benefit from the Management Fee
reduction described above with respect to its allocable portion of any such fee and not the portion:
(i) related to the General Partner or “affiliated partner” commitments; (ii) co-investors or potential
co-investors (which could include co-investment vehicles managed by the Adviser, service
providers, third parties, current or former Portfolio Company management or personnel, sellers
that have rolled their interest or reinvested proceeds in the Portfolio Company and/or others); or
(iii) the value of profits, participation or equity interests in or relating to the relevant Portfolio
Company, including interests owned by current or former Portfolio Company management, which
have the potential to be significant. Supplemental Fees will be offset only to the extent they are
paid during the holding period of the relevant Fund, and investors generally will not receive the
benefit of Supplemental Fees paid prior to the Fund’s acquisition, or following the Fund’s
disposition, of the relevant investment. Similarly, to the extent a former Firm employee becomes
a consultant to, or employed by, a Portfolio Company, no compensation earned by such former
employee will offset the Management Fee, whether or not such former employee has a remaining
interest in the relevant Fund’s General Partner or affiliated entity. Conversely, in the event that the
Adviser employs a person that previously received compensation from a Portfolio Company,
limited partners will receive the benefit of any applicable offset only beginning as of the relevant
start date of the person’s employment with the Adviser, and not with respect to any compensation
paid prior to such date, including equity grants made prior to the date of employment that vest
thereafter. In certain circumstances, the Adviser expects that co-investors, lenders, consultants, or
other parties will negotiate the right to share a portion of such fees from a particular investment,
and any Management Fee offset percentage will be applied after excluding any amounts paid to
such persons. Each of the foregoing conditions is expected to reduce the amount of Supplemental
Fees otherwise available to be offset against Management Fees, resulting in a potential material
benefit to the Adviser over the life of the relevant Fund, and the existence of such potential benefit
creates an incentive for the Adviser to seek to increase such amounts.
The Adviser, the Principals or other affiliates are also entitled to receive additional compensation
in connection with management and other services performed for Portfolio Companies of the
Funds, as further described in the Partnership Agreements. Such additional compensation does not
offset any Carried Interest or other compensation otherwise payable to the Adviser, the Principals
or other affiliates. Investors in a Fund also bear certain expenses. As a general matter, Management
Fees will be payable during term extensions unless otherwise agreed with investors.
Other Information
The Adviser is permitted to exempt certain investors in the Funds from payment of all or a portion
of any Carried Interest, other Adviser compensation or Management Fees, including the Adviser,
personnel of the Adviser and any other person designated by the Adviser, such as “friends and
family” of the Adviser or its personnel, or other investors meeting certain qualification
requirements based on commitment size or other strategic or relationship factors. The General
Partner reserves the right to make any such exemption from fees and/or Carried Interest by a direct
exemption, a rebate by the Adviser and/or its affiliates, or through other Funds which co-invest
with a Fund. Additionally, to the extent permitted by the relevant Partnership Agreement, the
Adviser has the right to permit investors, affiliated with the Adviser or otherwise, to invest through
the relevant General Partner or other vehicles that do not bear Management Fees or Carried
Interest. The Adviser retains flexibility to structure its compensation from investors and expects
in certain circumstances to agree to invoice an investor directly for Management Fees or other
compensation, rather than deducting such amounts from the investor’s capital account(s).
The Funds generally invest on a long-term basis. Accordingly, Management Fees and other fees
are expected to be paid, except as otherwise described in the Partnership Agreement, over the term
of the relevant Fund, and investors generally
are not permitted to withdraw or redeem interests in
the Funds.
Principals or other current or former personnel of the Adviser generally receive salaries and other
compensation derived from, and in certain cases including a portion of, Management Fees, Carried
Interest or other compensation received by the Adviser or its affiliates. In addition, the Funds
generally bear the cost of compensation paid to certain personnel of the Adviser as further
described in the relevant Governing Documents.
The Adviser is permitted to deduct Management Fees or other Adviser compensation from a
Fund’s account and/or bill the Fund or its affiliates for such fees as further disclosed in the Fund’s
Partnership Agreement. In addition to the fees described above, the Funds are responsible for
certain of its organizational and operating expenses as disclosed in the Partnership Agreements.
Organizational Expenses
Generally, each Fund pays or reimburses the relevant General Partner and its affiliates for all
organizational expenses in an aggregate amount not to exceed the amount set forth in each Fund’s
Governing Documents. “Organizational expenses” means all expenses (including travel, printing,
legal, capital raising, accounting, regulatory compliance, and any administrative or other filings)
incurred in connection with the organization, funding and start-up of a Fund, its General Partner
and any affiliated management company, including the preparation of, and negotiations with
respect to, any Side Letters or similar agreements (including the Fund’s most-favored-nation
process) and any costs related to administering such agreements.
Operating Expenses
Each Fund or its affiliates pays or reimburses the relevant General Partner, the Adviser or any
affiliates for operating expenses. “Operating expenses” means all fees, costs, expenses, liabilities
and obligations relating to each Fund’s and/or its subsidiaries’ activities, investments and business
(to the extent not borne or reimbursed by the underlying Portfolio Company), including all fees,
costs, expenses, liabilities and obligations attributable to:
1. activities with respect to structuring, organizing, acquiring, financing, refinancing,
holding, managing, operating, valuing, dissolving, winding up, liquidating,
restructuring, taking public or private, selling or otherwise disposing of, as
applicable, the Portfolio Company and the Fund’s actual and potential investments
or in seeking to do any of the foregoing, whether or not any contemplated
transaction or project is consummated and whether or not such activities are
successful, all costs associated with negotiating, forming, and operating a feeder
fund, which invests all or substantially all of its assets in the Fund, including all
expenses associated with its management, operation, winding-up, liquidating, and
dissolution and with preparing and distributing such feeder fund’s financial
statements, tax returns, and feeder fund investor reports, but not including any
income based or similar taxes, fees, or other governmental charges levied against
such feeder fund;
2. indebtedness of, or guarantees made by, the Fund, the Adviser, the General Partner
or any affiliates on behalf of the Fund, including interest with respect thereto or of
seeking to put in place any such indebtedness or guarantee;
3. broker, dealer, underwriting, investment banker, finder and similar services;
4. brokerage, custodial, depository, account and similar services;
5. legal, accounting, auditing, administration, appraisal, capital raising, valuation,
consulting (including consulting and retainer fees paid to consultants performing
investment initiatives and other similar consultants), investor due diligence, tax and
other professional services, including any third-party experts, independent
appraisers or ESG experts engaged by the General Partner in connection with the
Fund considering, making, holding, or disposing of, directly or indirectly, an
investment in the same entity as one or more investment vehicles (other than the
Fund) sponsored, managed, or controlled by the General Partner or any of its
affiliates;
6. reverse break-up, termination and other similar fees;
7. financing, commitment, origination and similar fees and expenses;
8. directors and officers, errors and omissions liability and other insurance;
9. filing, title, transfer, registration and similar fees and expenses;
10. printing, communications, mailing, courier, marketing, and publicity;
11. the preparation, distribution or filing of the Fund’s financial statements or other
reports, tax returns, tax estimates, Schedules K-1, or similar forms, administrative,
compliance or regulatory filings or reports (including Form PF and any Fund-
related filings or reports contemplated by the Alternative Investment Fund
Managers Directive or any similar law, rule or regulation as implemented in any
relevant jurisdiction), or other information (including an allocable portion of any
licensing, maintenance, upgrade and/or implementation fees, expenses and costs of
any investor administrative tools (including software and extranet tools) related to
the foregoing);
12. developing, licensing, implementing, maintaining, or upgrading any web portal,
website, extranet tools, computer software (including accounting, investor tracking,
investor reporting, ledger systems, financial management and cybersecurity), or
any other administrative or reporting tools (including subscription-based services);
13. any activities with respect to protecting the confidential or non-public nature of any
information or data, including confidential information, including any costs and
expenses incurred in connection with compliance with the General Data Protection
Regulation (EU 2016/679) (as amended) and the U.S. Freedom of information Act;
14. any activities or proceedings of an advisory committee of a Fund (including any
costs incurred by representatives of the General Partner, the advisory committee
members, permitted observers, and other persons in attending or otherwise
participating in meetings of the advisory committee);
15. indemnification, except to the extent the Fund’s payment of such cost, expense,
liability or obligation is otherwise prohibited by each Fund’s Partnership
Agreement;
16. extraordinary expenses (including actual, threatened or otherwise anticipated
litigation, mediation, arbitration or other dispute resolution process, including any
judgment, other award or settlement entered into in connection therewith);
17. any taxes, fees and other governmental charges levied against the Fund;
18. the annual investor meeting and any other conference or meeting with any
investor(s);
19. attendance of any member, manager, shareholder, partner, director, officer,
personnel, or affiliate of the General Partner or the Adviser, at any trade show or
conference, including any applicable registration fees and exhibition, sponsorship,
or other presentation costs, hosting or attending training programs, meetings, or
other events for Portfolio Companies and/or their personnel;
20. any compliance or regulatory matters related to the Fund;
21. any travel (including, where appropriate as determined by the General Partner, the
cost of using private aircraft or other private air travel (including the use of a private
aircraft owned, partially owned or leased by the Adviser, any of its affiliates or any
of their respective owners, members, managers, shareholders, partners, directors,
officers, personnel, agents, advisors, assigns, representatives or affiliates), car or
ride sharing services and other modes of transportation) and lodging, meals or
entertainment relating to any of the foregoing, including in connection with
consummated and unconsummated investment and disposition opportunities; and
22. any other cost, liabilities, or obligations as provided in the Governing Documents.
Generally included in the expenses permitted to be borne by a Fund are the fees, costs, expenses,
liabilities and obligations of legal counsel, consultants and/or other service providers to procure,
develop, establish, review, revise, customize, upgrade and/or negotiate relationships relating to the
foregoing items, which generally are expected to be significant. Except where the relevant
Governing Documents or Side Letter(s) expressly provide to the contrary, broken deal expenses
and other expenses relating to the diligence or evaluation of a prospective investment generally
are allocated among investors within a Fund regardless of whether any individual investor
negotiated for an elective or automatic contractual right that would have excused them from
participating in the investment. In certain cases, these or similar expenses (and/or Supplemental
Fees) are expected to be charged to Portfolio Companies, capitalized into the cost basis of a
transaction or, to the extent necessary or desirable for operational, administrative, tax or other
reasons, charged at the level of an intermediate holding company between the relevant Fund and
the Portfolio Company. As is typical for private equity funds, the Funds likely bear additional and
greater expenses, directly or indirectly, than many other pooled investment products, such as
mutual funds, and there can be no assurance that the benefits to investors will be commensurate
with such expenses.
In certain circumstances, one Fund is expected to pay an expense or obligation common to multiple
Funds and/or co-investors (including without limitation legal expenses for a transaction in which
all such Funds and/or co-investors participate, or other fees or expenses in connection with services
the benefit of which are received by other Funds and/or co-investors over time), and be reimbursed
by the other Funds by their share of such expenses or obligations, without interest. To the extent
the paying Fund makes use of a credit facility to pay such expense, it generally will not be
reimbursed separately by other Funds for the costs of establishing, negotiating or maintaining the
facility as a whole. While the Adviser believes such circumstances to be highly unlikely, it is
possible that one of the other Funds could default on its obligation to reimburse the paying Fund.
In certain circumstances, the Adviser, the relevant General Partner or an affiliate thereof is
expected to advance amounts related to the foregoing and receive reimbursement from the Funds
to which such expenses relate.
As described above, in certain circumstances, the relevant General Partner is expected to permit
certain investors to co-invest in Portfolio Companies alongside one or more Funds, subject to the
Adviser’s related policies and practices and the Partnership Agreements and/or Side Letter(s).
Where a co-invest vehicle is formed, such entity generally will bear expenses related to its
formation and operation, many of which are similar in nature to those borne by the Funds. In the
event that a transaction in which a co-investment was planned, including a transaction for which a
co-investment was believed necessary in order to consummate such transaction or would otherwise
be beneficial, in the judgment of the General Partner, ultimately is not consummated, all broken
deal expenses relating to such proposed transaction will be borne by the Fund(s), and not by any
potential co-investors, that were to have participated in such transaction. To the extent that such
co-investors have already executed definitive documentation to invest in such transaction, such
co-investor is expected to bear its pro rata share of such broken deal expenses. The Adviser’s
practice of allocating broken deal expenses among investing Funds is discussed under “Conflicts
of Interest” below. To the extent a Fund makes use of a credit facility to invest in a Portfolio
Company or pay related expenses, it generally will not be reimbursed separately by co-investors
for the costs of establishing, negotiating or maintaining the facility as a whole. In situations where
more than one Fund or existing co-investment vehicle would have participated in a potential
transaction, any broken deal expenses resulting from such potential transaction will be allocated
pro rata among such Fund and/or co-investment vehicles based on total capital committed.
Each Fund also generally will bear the costs of implementing, reporting (as applicable) monitoring
and complying with investment guidelines and directives relating to the Fund’s strategy, including
in Side Letters relating thereto, and (where applicable) environmental, social, governance (ESG)
and other standards to which the relevant General Partner has committed in making investments
on behalf of the Fund. Additionally, subject to the Governing Documents, a Fund typically will
bear the cost of facilitating transfers for certain investors, even though such transfers will likely
only benefit certain investors, as well as certain unreimbursed expenses of Portfolio Companies
and intermediate holding vehicles through which the Fund invests.
The Adviser and/or its affiliates generally have discretion over whether to charge fees to a Portfolio
Company and, if so, the rate, timing, method and/or amount of such compensation, as well as to
charge such amounts at varying levels in a Portfolio Company’s holding or operating structure. In
most circumstances, such compensation is not reviewed or approved by an independent third party.
The receipt of fees generally will give rise to potential conflicts of interest between the Funds, on
the one hand, and the Adviser and/or its affiliates on the other hand.
Since the Adviser is permitted to retain certain Supplemental Fees in connection with Fund
investments, it expects to be subject to a potential conflict of interest in connection with approving
transactions and setting such compensation. In many cases, Supplemental Fees are based on
enterprise value or other metrics relating to a Portfolio Company, but also have the potential to be
charged on a flat-fee basis or based on another metric, and there can be no assurance that the
amount of Supplemental Fees charged will be proportional to the amount of hours of work
performed or tangible work product generated on behalf of the Portfolio Company. Additionally,
the Adviser, its personnel, affiliates, or others designated by the Adviser, including service
providers, expect to receive compensation in the form of Portfolio Company securities. To the
extent any such securities are received, after any applicable offset provisions in the applicable
governing agreement are applied, the Adviser and/or such other recipients will be permitted to
retain such securities, and in doing so will be subject to conflicts of interest in determining whether
to sell such securities (subject to restrictions imposed by the Portfolio Company and/or the
Adviser) or retain such securities for a period consistent with their own financial and investment
objectives, which is likely to differ from those of the relevant Fund. In addition, because Portfolio
Company securities typically represent newly issued incentive equity (whether in the form of
common stock, warrants or options to buy common stock, or similar instruments), the receipt of
compensation in the form of securities typically has the result of diluting a Fund’s relative
ownership of the Portfolio Company awarding such compensation.
Generally, each Fund is expected to pay Management Fees or other Adviser compensation as
further disclosed in the Partnership Agreement. In the unlikely event that the Adviser does not
provide services for a full period, or if accounts are terminated according to the terms set out in
the applicable Partnership Agreement, before the end of the relevant period, for any fees paid in
advance, a pro-rated fee will be returned to the Fund.
Operations Group
Additionally, as further described herein and in the Governing Documents, it is the Adviser’s
practice to use or retain certain non-investment professionals and other consultants (including
entities formed for the benefit of such persons and/or to facilitate the provision of their services)
(collectively, the “Operations Group”) to provide services to (or with respect to) one or more Funds
or certain current or prospective Portfolio Companies in which one or more Funds invest, which
could include “operating executives”, “operating partners”, “strategic partners,” “executive
partners,” “senior advisors” or similarly named professionals or consultants. Such members of the
Operations Group generally provide services in relation to the identification, acquisition, holding,
improvement and disposition of Portfolio Companies, including operational aspects of such
companies. In certain circumstances, these services also include serving in management or policy-
making positions for Portfolio Companies. Members of the Operations Group are permitted to
receive compensation, including, but not limited to cash fees, retainers, discretionary bonuses
(whether or not based on pre-determined milestones), transaction fees, a profits, participation or
equity interest in a Portfolio Company or holding company, incentive equity and stock awards,
profits or equity interests in one or more Funds or General Partners, remuneration from the Adviser
and/or its Funds or affiliates, guaranteed minimums or other compensation, the amount of which
typically is determined according to one or more methods, including the value of the time
(including an allocation for overhead and other fixed costs) of such Operations Group members, a
percentage of the value of the Portfolio Company, the invested capital exposed to such Portfolio
Company, amounts believed to be charged by other providers for comparable services and/or a
percentage of cash flows from such company. Compensation in the form of profits or equity
interests in a Portfolio Company or intermediate holding company generally has a dilutive impact
on the Fund’s investment, and has the potential to result in economic effects greater than the
original amount of compensation, and the relevant Fund typically will bear the costs of all
Operations Group compensation as well as fees, costs and expenses of structuring Operations
Group arrangements. Members of the Operations Group also generally will be reimbursed for
certain travel and other costs in connection with their services. As described above, no such
amounts will offset or reduce any management fees. The use of the Operations Group subjects the
Advisers to potential conflicts of interest, as discussed under “Conflicts of Interest,” below.